# Bitcoin #

meanwhile, this is the European Central Bank's 22 February 2024 view on bitcoin and the overall crypto universe; suffices to say they believe it's an illusion, a scam, and simply an organised crime network. All hope is lost. Reality has splintered and fragmented. Only war can prevent the post-truth world now.

ECB wrote:

https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2024/html/ecb.blog20240222~092...

ETF approval for bitcoin – the naked emperor’s new clothes

Bitcoin has failed on the promise to be a global decentralised digital currency and is still hardly used for legitimate transfers. The latest approval of an ETF doesn’t change the fact that Bitcoin is not suitable as means of payment or as an investment.

On 10 January, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved spot exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for Bitcoin. For disciples, the formal approval confirms that Bitcoin investments are safe and the preceding rally is proof of an unstoppable triumph. We disagree with both claims and reiterate that the fair value of Bitcoin is still zero. For society, a renewed boom-bust cycle of Bitcoin is a dire perspective. And the collateral damage will be massive, including the environmental damage and the ultimate redistribution of wealth at the expense of the less sophisticated.

A post on The ECB Blog in November 2022 debunked the false promises of Bitcoin and warned of the social dangers if not effectively addressed.

We argued that Bitcoin has failed to fulfil its original promise to become a global decentralised digital currency. We also showed that Bitcoin's second promise to be a financial asset, the value of which would inevitably continue to rise, was equally wrong. We warned about the risks to society and the environment if the Bitcoin lobby managed to re-launch a bubble with the unintended help of legislators, who could give a perceived blessing where a ban would be required (Bindseil, Schaaf and Papsdorf, 2022).

Alas, all these risks have materialised.

Today, Bitcoin transactions are still inconvenient, slow, and costly. Outside the darknet, the hidden part of the internet used for criminal activities, it is hardly used for payments at all. The regulatory initiatives to combat the large-scale use of the Bitcoin network by criminals have not been successful yet. Even the full sponsoring by the government in El Salvador which granted it legal tender status and tried hard to kick off network effects through an initial Bitcoin gift of $30 in free bitcoin to citizens could not establish it as successful means of payment.

Likewise, Bitcoin is still not suitable as an investment. It does not generate any cash flow (unlike real estate) or dividends (stocks), cannot be used productively (commodities), and offers no social benefit (gold jewellery) or subjective appreciation based on outstanding abilities (works of art). Less financially knowledgeable retail investors are attracted by the fear of missing out, leading them to potentially lose their money.

And the mining of Bitcoin using the proof of work mechanism continues to pollute the environment on the same scale as entire countries, with higher Bitcoin prices implying higher energy consumption as higher costs can be covered by miners.

But although this was all known, and the reputation of the entire crypto scene has been harmed by a long and growing list of further scandals, Bitcoin has recovered big time since late December 2022 from just under $17,000 to more than $52,000. Small investors are easing back into crypto, although not yet rushing in headfirst as they did three years ago (Bloomberg, 2024).

So why is this dead cat bouncing so high?

For many, the rally in the autumn of 2023 was initiated by the prospect of an imminent turnaround in the US Federal Reserve's interest rate policy, the halving of the BTC mining rewards in spring and later the approval of the Bitcoin spot ETF by the SEC.

Lower interest rates would have increased the risk appetite of investors and the spot ETF approval would have opened the floodgates to Wall Street for Bitcoin. Both promised large inflows of funds – the only effective fuel in a speculative bubble.

Still, this could turn out to be a flash in the pan. While in the short run the inflowing money can have a large impact on prices irrespective of fundamentals, prices will eventually return to their fundamental values in the long run (Gabaix and Koijen, 2022). And without any cash flow or other returns, the fair value of an asset is zero. Detached from economic fundamentals every price is equally (im)plausible – a fantastic condition for snake oil salesmen.

Likewise, the use of ETFs as financing vehicles does not change the fair value of the underlying assets. An ETF with only one asset turns its actual financial logic on its head (although there are others in the United States). ETFs normally aim to diversify risk by holding many individual securities in a market. Why would anybody pay fees to an asset manager for the custody service of only one asset – instead of using the custodian directly, which is in most cases one huge crypto exchange, or even holding the coins for free without any intermediary?
Moreover, there were already other easy ways to gain listed exposure to Bitcoin or to buy Bitcoins without any intermediation. The problem has never been a lack of possibilities to speculate using Bitcoin – but rather that it is only about speculation (Cohan, 2024). Finally, it is incredibly ironic that the crypto unit that had set out to overcome the demonised established financial system should need conventional intermediaries to spread to a broader group of investors.

The halving of the BTC mining rewards will take place in mid-April. After the bitcoin network mines 210,000 blocks, roughly every four years, the block reward given to Bitcoin miners for processing transactions is cut in half. The current limit of 900 BTC per day will then be cut to 450. Halving reduces the bitcoin rewards for mining, even though it remains costly. In the past such halvings were followed by rising prices. But if this was a reliable pattern, the rise would already be fully priced in (some say that this was the case).

While the current rally is fuelled by temporary factors, there are three structural reasons that may explain its seeming resilience: the ongoing manipulation of the “price" in an unregulated market without oversight and without fair value, the growing demand for the “currency of crime”, and shortcomings in the authorities’ judgments and measures.

Price manipulation since the start of Bitcoin

The history of Bitcoin has been characterised by price manipulation and other types of fraud. This may not be very surprising for an asset that has no fair value. Crypto exchanges were shut down and operators were prosecuted because of scams during the very first cycles. And pricing has remained dubious in last year’s upswing. One analysis (Forbes, 2022) of 157 crypto exchanges found that 51% of the daily bitcoin trading volume being reported is likely bogus.

Manipulation may have become more effective as the trading volumes diminished significantly during the recent marked downturn called ”crypto winter” as market interference has more of an impact when liquidity is low. According to one estimate the average trading volume of Bitcoin between 2019 and 2021 was about 2 million Bitcoins, compared to a meagre 500,000 in 2023 (Athanassakos and Seeman, 2024).

The currency of crime: financing evil

As critiques often point out: a key utility offered by crypto is the financing of terrorism and crimes like money laundering and ransomware. The demand for this infamous benefit is large – and growing.

Despite the market downturn, the volume of illicit transactions has continued to rise. The range of possible applications is broad.

Bitcoin remains the top choice for money laundering in the digital world, with illicit addresses transferring $23.8 billion in crypto in 2022, marking a 68.0% increase from the previous year. Approximately half of these funds were funnelled through mainstream exchanges, which, despite having compliance measures, serve as conduits for converting illicit crypto into cash. (Chainalysis, 2023).

Furthermore, crypto continues to be the preferred means for ransomware payments, with attacks on hospitals, schools, and government offices yielding $1.1 billion in 2023, compared to $567 million in 2022 (Reuters, 2024b).
Misjudgment by authorities?

The international community initially acknowledged Bitcoin's lack of positive social benefits. Legislators hesitated to concretise regulations due to the abstract nature of guidelines and concerns over Bitcoin's divergence from traditional financial assets. However, pressure from well-funded lobbyists and social media campaigns prompted compromises, having been understood as a partial approval of Bitcoin investments (The Economist, 2021).

In Europe, the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation (MiCA) of June 2023 aimed to curb fraudulent issuers and traders of crypto units with - despite the initial intentions towards genuine crypto assets - , an eventual focus on stablecoins and service providers, although without regulating and constraining Bitcoin per se. At the same time, less informed outsiders might have the false impression that with MiCA in place, Bitcoin would be also regulated and safe.

In the USA, the SEC's approach to Bitcoin ETFs initially involved compromises, favouring futures ETFs due to their perceived lower volatility and lower risk of price manipulation. However, a court ruling in August 2023 compelled the SEC to authorise spot ETFs, leading to a significant market rally.

Neither the United States nor the EU have so far taken any effective steps to address Bitcoin's energy consumption, despite evidence of its huge negative environmental impact.

The decentralised nature of Bitcoin presents challenges for authorities, sometimes leading to unnecessary regulatory fatalism. But Bitcoin transactions offer pseudonymity rather than complete anonymity, as each transaction is linked to a unique address on the public blockchain. Therefore, Bitcoin has been a cursed tool for anonymity, facilitating illicit activities and leading to legal action against offenders by the tracing of transactions (Greenberg, 2024).

Moreover, it seems wrong that Bitcoin should not be subject to strong regulatory intervention, up to practically forbidding it. The belief that one is protected from the effective access of law enforcement authorities can be quite deceptive, even for decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO). DAOs are member-owned digital communities, without central leadership, that are based on blockchain technology. A recent case involved BarnBridge DAO, which was fined more than $1.7 million by the SEC for failing to register the offer and sale of crypto securities. Despite claiming autonomy, the DAO settled following SEC pressure on its founders. When administrators of decentralised infrastructures are identified, authorities can effectively prosecute them, highlighting the limitations of claimed autonomy.

This principle also applies to Bitcoin. The Bitcoin network has a governance structure in which roles are assigned to identified individuals. Authorities could decide that these should be prosecuted in view of the large scale of illegal payments using Bitcoin. Decentralised finance can be regulated as forcefully as the legislator considers necessary.

Recent developments, such as increased fines for lax controls (Noonan and Smith, 2024). and the EU's agreement to strengthen anti-money laundering rules for crypto-assets, suggest a growing recognition of the need for tighter regulation in the crypto unit space.

Conclusion

Bitcoin’s price level is not an indicator of its sustainability. There are no economic fundamental data, there is no fair value from which serious forecasts can be derived. There is no “proof of price” in a speculative bubble. Instead, a reflation of the speculative bubble shows the effectiveness of the Bitcoin lobby. The “market” capitalisation quantifies the overall social damage that will occur when the house of cards collapses. It is important for authorities to be vigilant and protect society from money laundering, cyber and other crimes, financial losses for the financially less educated, and extensive environmental damage. This job has not been done yet.

BTC reached ATH overnight. I sold 33% of my BTC.

gsco mkII wrote:

meanwhile, this is the European Central Bank's 22 February 2024 view on bitcoin and the overall crypto universe; suffices to say they believe it's an illusion, a scam, and simply an organised crime network. All hope is lost. Reality has splintered and fragmented. Only war can prevent the post-truth world now.

"We disagree with both claims and reiterate that the fair value of Bitcoin is still zero."

Isn't the definition of fair value one where two parties agree on the fair buy and sell price? I mean it's the same philosophy these days with fiat isn't it? You may cash to someone for something that both parties agree is a fair trade for a goods or service. The party that receives the fiat cash believes that piece of paper they just received for that car they sold can then be used to buy other goods and services that that party then needs. It's a pure and simple trust system. BTC is no different in my eyes. It's just a digital piece of paper that both parties trust can then be used for further transactions.

Anyway, I digress. Back to eating popcorn for me.

Well I think what the ECB is saying is it's not really used for further transactions other than money laundering, cyber crime and extortion, child sex trafficking, etc. (Where's all the Russian money flowing into Bali coming from?)

Also, I think the ECB would say that it's not the same philosophy as a country's currency, which is legal tender backed by that country's government, legal system and ultimately military etc and is thus more than a pure and simple "trust" system between two people - it's trust in an entire nation-state, or in the case of the ECB, the whole EU.

When the ECB says its fair value is zero, I think they're tying to say that it's not an asset or investment with an underlying cashflow or ownership in anything that generates cashflow. So I think they're trying to say that there's nothing underpinning its "price" or "value" that it's trading at.

So when your hypothetical parties agree to a fair trade/exchange of bitcoin for a currency, the ECB would ask how exactly are the parties assessing its "fair value"? So I think the ECB is saying that the parties have nothing to go off, that it's all just purely imaginary speculation, and so any price is as good as any other - there's no objective criteria.

So I think what the ECB is arguing is crypto is not really used for legal payments or backed by any reputable, sane country's government, nor is it an investment vehicle or asset that entails ownership in something that generates cashflow, so its "value" is purely speculation, imaginary and ultimately exactly zero - it's all just a tulip.

Humanity has been here many times before in the past few thousand years.

99% of crypto is a scam and completely useless.

BTC and ETH and other top 10 crypto has very little real world use, imo.

I just look at it as a gamble to make some money. It’s the bigger fool theory at work. The trick is picking exit and entry points.

My ETH is going very soon. BTC I have decided to hold as it has more upside in price.

So , 99% of it is a scam , its a bigger fool theory and they are useless ,

BUT well worth a Gamble and making money is easy as long as u pick the correct entry and exit points ,

U can ALSO , fn Short them , with derivity stuff , Roady .

I can't imagine one of my Old Clients thinking that was a prudent strategy ( I know u are having fun with it , so am I haha ) , or me being able 2 do it OR even explain it haha .

I swing at easy pitches and don't like Casinos :)

Playing the bigger Fool Theory is something I do , away from markets , much less costly imho :)

U know more about Digital Currencies than Covid , and may make a Roady Kill , on these Financial markets that Governments WILL kill OFF , one day ffs , U can't lose , nearly :)

You know there's FOMO when Kohler starts writing about BTC again!!!

https://www.thenewdaily.com.au/finance/2024/03/06/alan-kohler-bitcoin-in...

"This, I submit, makes bitcoins the most tightly controlled financial asset known to man. It continually becomes scarcer until a preset limit is reached.

Other securities, like bonds and shares, can be issued by companies and governments at will, as long as they do the paperwork, and as for money … well, since the Federal Reserve Board was created in 1913, so many US dollars have been issued that its purchasing power has declined by about 97 per cent."

This is the whole point about BTC. No one can just print or make more of it. Kohler points out exactly what happens to USD when they continue hitting print!!! BTC supply limit makes it similar to Gold for example. There is and only ever will be a finite supply.

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$109,210.95

Still moving up…

Yep she’s well and truly broken above ATH in USD now. Wouldn’t be surprised if we see a solid run up to near USD$100k in the coming month/months.

$100k would have to be a sell. ETH would have to be around $6k if it follows BTC.

Cash out time

It’s crazy

With halving approaching and Gold also expected to rally, we could see another ATH on BTC in the coming week/s.

Neither are good reasons for the value of a digital currency to rise, but as it’s BTC you’re probably right.

Coaster wrote:

Neither are good reasons for the value of a digital currency to rise, but as it’s BTC you’re probably right.

Well halving was introduced to combat inflation and make the value of BTC rise.